Common Side Effects of Chemotherapy Medicines and How to Manage Them
Introduction
Chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for cancer, and while it can be very effective in fighting cancer cells, it often comes with side effects. These medicines don’t just target cancer—they can also affect healthy cells, which leads to unwanted changes in the body. Understanding these side effects and learning how to manage them can make treatment easier for patients and caregivers.
1. Fatigue
What Happens: Many patients feel extremely tired during chemotherapy because the body is working hard to recover and fight the disease.
How to Manage:
- Take short naps during the day.
- Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
- Light exercise, like walking, can boost energy.
2. Nausea and Vomiting
What Happens: Chemotherapy medicines can upset the stomach and trigger nausea.
How to Manage:
- Eat small, frequent meals instead of large ones.
- Avoid oily and spicy foods.
- Ask your doctor about anti-nausea medicines.
3. Hair LossWhat Happens: Chemo attacks rapidly growing cells, including hair follicles, which can cause hair thinning or loss.
How to Manage:
- Use mild shampoos and soft brushes.
- Consider scarves, wigs, or caps for comfort.
- Remember: hair usually grows back after treatment.
4. Weak Immune System
What Happens: Chemotherapy reduces white blood cells, making the body more prone to infections.
How to Manage:
- Wash hands often and maintain hygiene.
- Avoid crowded places during peak infection seasons.
- Eat immunity-boosting foods like citrus fruits and leafy greens.
5. Mouth Sores
What Happens: Some medicines cause painful sores in the mouth and throat.
How to Manage:
- Use a soft toothbrush and avoid harsh mouthwashes.
- Drink plenty of water.
- Eat soft foods like soups, mashed potatoes, and yogurt.
6. Changes in Appetite
What Happens: Many patients lose their appetite due to taste changes or stomach discomfort.
How to Manage:
- Eat small meals throughout the day.
- Focus on high-protein foods like eggs, fish, or beans.
- Smoothies and soups can help if solid food feels difficult.